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971.
Summary Non-woody fibers such as from Mitsumata (Edgeworthia papyrifera Sieb et Zucc.) bast were successfully macerated with an alkalophilic Bacillus. This made it possible to prepare pulp sheets without fibrillization by beating. Physical qualities of sheets obtained by alkaline retting compared favorably with those produced by the chemical pulping method now in use.Part VII of a series on BIOCHEMICAL PULPING 相似文献
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Recent genetic studies have elucidated that carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1), a ubiquitous enzyme catalyzing interconversion
between CO2 and bicarbonate, is essential for microbial growth under ambient air but not under high-CO2 air. The irregular distribution of the phylogenetically distinct types of CA in the prokaryotic genome suggests its complex
evolutionary history in prokaryotes. This paper deals with the genetic defect of CA in Symbiobacterium thermophilum, a syntrophic bacterium that effectively grows on CO2 generated by other bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 31 ribosomal protein sequences demonstrated the affiliation of
Symbiobacterium with the class Clostridia with 100% bootstrap support. The phylogeny of β- and γ-type CA distributed among Clostridia supported
the view that S. thermophilum and several related organisms lost this enzyme during the course of evolution. The loss of CA could be based on the availability
of a high level of CO2 in their living environments.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Shiori Ishiyama Mayu Kimura Nodoka Umihira Sachi Matsumoto Atsushi Takahashi Takao Nakagawa Teruhiko Wakayama Satoshi Kishigami Kazuki Mochizuki 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2021
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes the subtype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a major complication of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), even among non-obese patients. However, the exact cause of NAFLD/NASH in non-obese patients with T2DM is unclear. We studied a non-obese mouse model of T2DM created through the malnourishment of embryos by culture in vitro for 48 h in α-minimum essential medium (MEM) at the two-cell stage. We compared the development of steatohepatitis in these MEM mice with control mice that were similarly cultured in standard potassium simplex-optimized medium (KSOM). We also studied the effects of 10 weeks of consumption of barley, which contains large amounts of the soluble fiber β-glucan, on the steatohepatitis of the adult MEM mice. The size of lipid droplets, the area of fibrosis, and the mRNA expression of the transforming growth factor beta (Tgfb) gene in the liver were higher in adult MEM mice fed a rice-based diet than in KSOM mice fed the same diet. However, barley consumption reduced the area of fibrosis and TGFB expression in MEM mice. In conclusion, adult mice that are cultured in MEM at the two-cell embryo stage develop steatohepatitis and T2DM, accompanied by higher hepatic TGFB expression, than KSOM controls. Furthermore, the consumption of barley during adulthood ameliorates the steatohepatitis and reduces the TGFB expression. 相似文献